Baker s oven



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. T. B. MoPADDEN.

BAKERS OVEN. No. 466,670. Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets sheet 2. T. B. MOPADDEN.

BAKERS OVEN.

No. 486,670. Patented Sept. 16, 1890-. J; 82w

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS B. MOFADDEN, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

BAKERS OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,670, datedSeptember 16, 1890.

Application filed February 11,1890. Serial No. 339,930- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS B. MOFADDEN, a resident of Peoria, in thecounty of Peoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Bakers Ovens; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains tomake and use the same.

My invention involves devices for at will separating a large oven intovarious compartments and for quickly filling or emptying an oven withoutmaterial loss of heat. By the use of these devices an indefinite numberof loaves of bread maybe simultaneously placed upon the bottom of theoven, and if it be desired to fill the oven with pies or other articlesof liquid or semi-liquid character an indefinite number of such articlesmay also be placed in position without danger of the spilling thatusually occurs in such cases.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of a portion of an oven involving myinvention, the upper part or arch being removed to show the bottom. Fig.2 is a partial elevation looking in the direction of the arrow ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged side elevation showing theconstruction of the track within the oven. Fig. 4 is an end view of thesame track, certain cars carrying pans being in position thereon. Fig. 5shows a slight modification of the devices resting upon the track. Fig.6 is an enlarged partial elevation showing the construe tion in themodified form illustrated in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a front or rear view ofthe oven, showing the sliding doors. Fig. 8 is a section on the line asas, Fig. 7.

In the drawings, A A are the brick walls of areotangular oven, and B isthe floor of the same.

The combustion-chamber and flues are without novelty, and are notillustrated.

Upon two opposite sides of the bakingchamber are openings extendinglaterally the full width of the chamber and vertically to a suitableheight above the oven-bottom.

. They are closed by a series of iron doors 0,

jaoent doors as guides, may be raised separately, or all may be raisedat once, leaving the opening unobstructd for the whole width of the ovenand to any desired height above the bottom thereof. A bar D or othersuitable device prevents their swinging outward.

Upon the bottom of the oven are placed parallel tracks E, each pair ofrails being preferably placed opposite one of the doors, just within theplane of which the rails terminate. Upon each of these rails rests asecondary rail F, which is connected to the one beneath it by links Gafter the manner of a parallel ruler. The links may be pivoted to thesides of the rails; but I prefer mortising the rails to receive the linkends. When the upper rails rest directly upon those beneath them, thelinks stand at an angle of about forty-five degrees, as shown. The firstor front link extends downward through and beyond the lower rail, whereits lower end engages a threaded bar H, operated by a crank H on thefront of the oven. The bars H of each pair of rails may, if desired, beconnected to rotate simultaneously. M Evidently if these bars beadvanced inward the links act as levers and all parts of the rails areraised equally, while by a contrary motion of the screw the upper railsare lowered gradually till they rest upon the primary rails E.

Upon the upper rails F rests a frame I, of iron, it being supported byintermediate grooved wheels J, mounted upon its sides. Baking-pans K areriveted together in sets and placed in this frame or car, the rims orflanges at their upper edges resting upon the upper edge of the frame.

In" practice the parts are so proportioned that the bottom of the pansare slightly above the bottom of the oven when the links are I vertical,and if the lower ends of the front links be drawn forward by the screwthe pans will all be gently lowered to rest upon the bottom of the oven.When the baking is complete, a contrary motion of the screw raises theupper track, frame, and pans, and the frame and pans may then be readilyre moved from the oven. Alip L extends along the front of the oven justbeneath all the doors, and upon this rests the end of a movable frameconsisting of two parallel rails E, connected by suitable light ties M.The

frame is supported at the other end by any suitable rest parallel to thelip L. As shown, this rest is a part of the Wall of an adjacent room,where the bread is prepared for the oven and placed in the sets ofpans-a convenient arrangement, but not indispensable, as a trestle orhorse may be used to support the outer end of the track-frame. The lipis so placed that the tops of the rails E are flush with the tops of therails F when the latter are raised, and therefore the wheeled frame orcar slides readily from either set of rails to the'other. The rail-framemay be pushed along the lip L and be made to register with any set ofrails F, the number of sets depending upon the size of the oven, andthus one man, raising the doors in succession just far enough to allowthe loaded frame'to pass in, may quickly fill the whole omitted. enttoward the bottom, and in the outer of the oven. Where the number ofemploys will warrant, there may be a track E for each door, when, allthe doors being raised at once, the whole oven maybe filled in afewseconds. The doors upon the opposite side of the oven are arranged inthe same way, and if circumstances make it desirable the bread may beremoved upon that side, rails like the rails E being provided upon thatside also.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the oven is shown as long enough to receive two carslike the one shown in position; but it may be longer, and, in fact, ofany length desired, if the combustionchambers be so arranged that allparts can be evenly heated. In case a large number are thus used uponeach track, the cars are connected in any suitable manner, and thenumber of links is increased to give proper support to the rails. Thepower of the screw is sufficient to raise any number of cars that itwould ever be desirable to use.

Where shallow pans filled with liquid or semi-liquid material are to beplaced in the oven, they are so supported in the frame that they maybeat the same distance from the bottom of the oven as the pans shown inthe drawings, when, as before, any number may be introduced and loweredinto place without danger of the spilling usually attending theirinsertion by hand; and if any of the articles to be baked require to beshielded from the direct heat of the oven the necessary shields maybeplaced in position before the articles are introduced, and the wholestructure may then be passed in and lowered with the same facility asbefore.

Fig. 4 shows the rail E broad enough to support two rails F for thewheels of two adjacent cars constructed as already set forth. Thisconstruction causes a littlewaste of space in the oven. Figs. 5 and 6illustrate a construction that avoids such waste and makes it possibleto completely cover the bottom of the oven with pans. As before, thepans are fastened together in sets and inclosed by a band of iron; butthe car or wheel frame is The pans are necessarily conver spaces due tothis convergence the wheels are placed, being supported by bearings P,secured to the adjacent pan-walls. A single rail E, bearing thesecondary rail F, is then placed in position to receive each set ofwheels that is, at a distance equal to the width of one pan from theedge of the set, and as there is then nothing projecting beyond suchedge the sets may be as close together as is desired.

It is often desirable to bake entirely different classes of goods at thesame time, and these should be kept separate to secure the best results.I therefore separate the oven in such cases, so as to have one or moresets of track in a distinct compartment. This is done by sliding intothe oven a metal plate R, the top and bottom of the oven being providedwith grooves S in the same vertical plane. the lower track E is a partof the bottom of the oven, and when it is placed in the positionindicated in Figs. 1 and 2 the groove for the lower edge of thepartition-plate is made in this track instead of in the bottom proper. Asingle pan may evidently replace each set, and if the bottom of this panbe of soapstone, fire-brick, or the like the bread is practically bakedin direct contact with the bottom of the oven, or is oven-bottom bread,a variety for which there is a constant de mand, but which is not atpresent in favor with bakers, because of the difficulty of properlycleaning the bottom of the oven both before and after baking it, andalso on account of the extra work in filling and emptying the oven.

hat I claim is-- 1. In a bakers oven,the combination, with abaking-chamber and a combustion-space beneath the bottom thereof, of averticallyadjustable track within said chamber, and a car moving upon.said track to carry into the chamber material to be baked, said trackbein g adj ustable through a vertical distance not less than the normaldistance of the loads above the bottom of the chamber.

2. In a bakers oven, the combination, with a baking-chamber and acombustion-space beneath the bottom thereof, of a track resting upon thebottom of the chamber, abroadconveying car movable upon said track, andmeans whereby the load borne by the car may be vertically adjusted torest upon the bottom of the chamber or to be suspended above it upon thecar.

3. The combination, with an oven, of a series of vertically-slidingdoors laterally tongued and grooved together directly, whereby each doorforms a guide for the adjacent ones and whereby when all are raised theentire 0pen ing into the'baking-chamber is unobstructed.

4:- The combination, with the oven, of the primary and secondary railsconnected by oscillating links, one of which projects below the primaryrail, and a screw connected to the lower end of said projecting link tocarry So far as this purpose is concerned,

between said primary and secondary rails,

whereby swinging the links in the proper direction may cause said pansto rest directly upon the bottom of the oven.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing Witnesses.

THOMAS E. MGFADDEN.

Witnesses:

WALLACE GREENE, H. B, ZEvELY.

